Table 4.
Russia: Degree of Monopolism on Regional Internet Services Markets as of the Beginning of 2000

Degree of Monopolism Regions
Effective monopoly of regional telephone companies Chukotsky, Yamalo-Nenetsky and Koryaksky Autonomous Okrugs; Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, Lipetsk, Ulyanovsk, Kostroma, Vladimir, Kirov, Orenburg, Amur, Magadan and Kamchatka Oblasts; Republics of Kalmykia, Northern Ossetia, Mordovia, Mary El, Altai,. Tyva, Buryatia; Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Dominant position occupied by the regional university-based Internet center Tver Oblast; Republics of Adygeya, Kabardino-Balkaria and Dagestan
Dominant position shared between the regional telephone company and university-based Internet center Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Kursk, Belgorod, Tambov and Kemerovo Oblasts; Republic of Karelia; Altai Krai
Competition between the regional telephone company and 1 or 2 large privately-owned providers Pskov, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Vladimir, Bryansk, Orel, Voronezh, Penza, Rostov, Vladimir, Astrakhan, Tyumen, Tomsk, Omsk, Sakhalin, Chelyabinsk Oblasts; Republics of Komi, Buryatia, Chuvashia, Khakassia, Yakutia - Sakha; Komi-Permyatsky and Khanty-Mansiysky Autonomous Okrugs; Stavropol, Krasnoyarsk and Khabarovsk Krais
High level of competition Leningrad,, Murmansk, Perm, Saratov, Kaliningrad, Irkutsk Oblasts; Republics of Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan; Krasnodar and Stavropol Krais
Complete demonopolization Moscow, St. Petersburg; Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Sverdlovsk and Novosibirsk Oblasts

Note: The author classified regions by the level of Internet services market monopolization based on the quantitative expert assessment factoring in the number of providers in a given region and their role on the regional market of Internet services.